Astrodynamics Constants

Inside this module, relevant and useful constants to solve astrodynamics problems are defined.

PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

• Gravitational constant, G [$m^3/(kg*s^2)$]: G = 6.67408e-11
• Boltzmann constant, k [$m^2*kg/(s^2*K)$]: k = 1.38064852e-23
• Stefan-Boltzmann constant, sigma [$W/(m^2*K^4)$]: const sigma = 5.670367e-8
• Speed of light in vacuum, c [$m/s$]: const c = 299792458.0

CELESTIAL BODY DATA (from NASA's planetary fact sheet - Date: 11-02-2023)

• Gravitational parameter, mu [$km^3/s^2$]:
  • mu_Sun = 1.32712440018e11
  • mu_Mercury = 2.2032e4
  • mu_Venus = 3.24859e5
  • mu_Earth = 398600.4418
  • mu_Moon = 4902.800066
  • mu_Mars = 4.282837e4
  • mu_Jupiter = 1.26687e8
  • mu_Saturn = 3.7931187e7
  • mu_Uranus = 5.79395e6
  • mu_Neptune = 6.836510e6

• Mean body radius, R [$km$]:
  • R_Sun = 6.957e5
  • R_Mercury = 2.4397e3
  • R_Venus = 6.0518e3
  • R_Earth = 6.371e3
  • R_Moon = 1.7374e3
  • R_Mars = 3.3895e3
  • R_Jupiter = 6.9911e4
  • R_Saturn = 5.8232e4
  • R_Uranus = 2.5362e4
  • R_Neptune = 2.4622e4

• Eccentricity, e [-]:
  • e_Mercury = 0.2056
  • e_Venus = 0.0068
  • e_Earth = 0.0167
  • e_Moon = 0.0549
  • e_Mars = 0.0935
  • e_Jupiter = 0.0487
  • e_Saturn = 0.0520
  • e_Uranus = 0.0469
  • e_Neptune = 0.0097

• Semi-major axis, a [$km$]:
  • a_Mercury = 5.790905e7
  • a_Venus = 1.08209e8
  • a_Earth = 1.49598e8
  • a_Moon = 3.8475e5
  • a_Mars = 2.2796e8
  • a_Jupiter = 7.7848e8
  • a_Saturn = 1.4320e9
  • a_Uranus = 2.8670e9
  • a_Neptune = 4.5150e9

• Sidereal rotation rate of the body about its axis, omega [$rad/s$]:
  • omega_Mercury = 1.240014e-6
  • omega_Venus = -0.29924e-6
  • omega_Earth = 7.292115e-5
  • omega_Moon = 2.6617e-6
  • omega_Mars = 7.088218e-5
  • omega_Jupiter = 1.7585e-4
  • omega_Saturn = 1.63785e-4
  • omega_Uranus = -1.01237e-4
  • omega_Neptune = 1.08338e-4

• Oblateness parameter of the body's gravitational field, J2 [-]:
  • J2_Mercury = 5.03e-5
  • J2_Venus = 4.458e-6
  • J2_Earth = 1.08263e-3
  • J2_Moon = 2.027e-4
  • J2_Mars = 1.96045e-3
  • J2_Jupiter = 1.4736e-2
  • J2_Saturn = 1.6298e-2
  • J2_Uranus = 3.34343e-3
  • J2_Neptune = 3.411e-3

• Mass of the body, M [$kg$]:
  • M_Sun = 1.988544e30
  • M_Mercury = 3.302e23
  • M_Venus = 4.8685e24
  • M_Earth = 5.97219e24
  • M_Moon = 7.34767309e22
  • M_Mars = 6.4171e23
  • M_Jupiter = 1.89813e27
  • M_Saturn = 5.68319e26
  • M_Uranus = 8.68103e25
  • M_Neptune = 1.0241e26